Which of the following is NOT a high-risk factor for cervical cancer?

• A. Immunocompromised
• B. In-utero DES exposure
• C. Prior normal screening history
• D. Prior CIN2+ or cervical cancer

Answer: (C)

Cervical cancer risk is driven by factors that affect whether an HPV infection persists and progresses to precancer or cancer. Being immunocompromised makes progression more likely because the immune system can’t clear HPV effectively. In-utero DES exposure is linked to cervical and vaginal abnormalities and a higher cancer risk later in life. A history of CIN2+ or cervical cancer shows that there has already been high-grade disease, which increases the chance of persistence or recurrence. A prior normal screening history is not a risk factor; it indicates no known high-grade lesions and typically reflects effective surveillance that reduces overall risk by catching problems early.