Which tests are typically included in the first-trimester prenatal panel?

• A. CBC; ABO/Rh with antibody screen; HIV; syphilis; hepatitis B surface antigen; rubella immunity; urine culture; GC/Chlamydia testing if indicated; additional risk-based screens as needed.
• B. Only CBC.
• C. Urine culture only.
• D. Rubella titer only.

Answer: (A)

A broad first-trimester panel is used to establish baseline health and uncover infections or immune factors that can affect both mom and baby. The complete blood count checks for anemia and overall hematologic status, while ABO/Rh with antibody screen identifies Rh incompatibility risks and any antibodies that could harm the fetus. HIV testing is done to prevent vertical transmission, and syphilis screening is essential because untreated infection can affect the pregnancy and newborn but is treatable. Checking hepatitis B surface antigen reveals maternal infection so the newborn can receive appropriate protection. Rubella immunity is assessed to know whether the mother is protected or if postpartum vaccination planning is needed to prevent rubella-related congenital risks. A urine culture screens for asymptomatic bacteriuria, which can lead to kidney infection and preterm labor if untreated. Gonorrhea and chlamydia testing is performed when indicated by risk to prevent neonatal infection and adverse outcomes. Additional risk-based screens are added as needed based on exposure or other factors. This combination covers major hematologic, infectious, and immune concerns relevant to early pregnancy, making it the typical first-trimester panel.